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Gum is a base structure for teeth in the mouth due to its position. The health of the gums means firstly health of the teeth. Gums health is the first condition for every procedure are applied to teeth. It is therefore necessary to take care of the gums.

 

What is gingival disease?

 

Gingival diseases (periodontal disease) is an infectious disease that affects the tissues around the tooth, not the tooth. This disease can cause the loss of teeth even if there are no decays on the teeth. Periodontal diseases can affect one or more teeth; it is the most common chronic disease in the society, which can be seen in children, growing individuals, adults and the elderly. Pain usually does not occur in patients. Because of this, patients are unfortunately late when they apply to the dentist.

 

How Is Gingival Disease Diagnosed?

 

For this we'll give you a short survey. If all of the answers you give are ”YES’’ at the end of the survey, your gums are healthy. If the ‘’NO’ answer is one and more, you should take your dentist’s advices.

 

- Do our gums have an appereance like firmly attached to our teeth?

- Is the surface of our gums like orange peel and look light pink?

- Do we have a gingival margin which surrounds our teeth from the beginning parts of the roots and continues along the tooth lines?

- Does bleeding occur in our gums with normal brushing and dental floss use?

- Are there no complaints of redness, swelling or infection in our gums?

 

After this part, if the number of ”YES“ as an answer, it means that you are prone to inflammation of gums is called as ‘Gingivitis’, then the ‘Periodontitis’ disease which is the inflammation of the surrounding tissues. In this case, you should apply to your dentist immediately.

 

Sometimes do you feel in our gums, pain due to light pressure to your gum, inflammation leakage from gum or the sensitivity of the teeth in that area?

 

• Is there any recession and exposed root surfaces in the gums?

• Do you see black areas due to tartar on the edges of the gums?

• Have you noticed the swinging, elongation and opening betweem the teeth?

• Do you feel smell and bad taste in the mouth due to inflammation?

• Do you feel itching, tingling sensation in your gums?

 

GINGIVITIS

 

Gingivitis is called the early stage of gum disease. The main cause of gingivitis is bacterial plaque. The appearance of the gums is red and inflamed. İf bleeding occurs while eating food or brushing the teeth should be suspected from Gingivitis . Gingivitis, which defines infection in gums, is the beginning of gum disease. Inadequate oral care causes bacteria plaque formation on the teeth. In this disease, the gums are red, while brushing they are easily bleeding and look swollen. Teeth should be regularly brushed and floss should be used to prevent bacterial plaque formation in the mouth. If it is untreated, the disease progresses to an advanced stage, periodontitis, causing damage to the gums and tissue that support the teeth.

 

PERİODONTİTİS

 

Advanced stage of untreated gingivitis is called periodontitis. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that destroys the root surface of the tooth, the bone surrounding the tooth root and the connective tissue between these two tissues. The periodontal pocket between the teeth and the gums manifests itself. In this pocket, bacteria begin to grow rapidly. With the progression of the disease, swelling of the gums, inflammatory discharge from teeth and gums can be seen. Since there is destruction at the cellular level in the alveolar bone, teeth move away from each other because of mobility in that region. These patients have severe bad breath and dental calculus accumulation. Going to the dentist at regular intervals can be diagnosed in the early period of serious teeth and gum diseases and can be intervened in a timely manner to adverse conditions.

 

CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS

 

The most common type of periodontitis. It is present in most adult individuals. It progresses very slowly, difficult to notice symptoms, usually symptoms are ignored or considered normal. Generally, the symptoms may not be obvious, so treatment may be delayed. Infection and destruction of the supporting tissues surrounding the teeth cause the generation of periodontal pocket. Respectively, the fibriles which are connect the gingiva to the tooth and the tooth root to the dental bone, and the bone getting loss. Microbial dental plaques and calculus on the root surface below the gingiva, as well as the accumulation of bacteria and food residues in the pocket space, cause the infection to progress to deeper tissues and decrease the bone support of the tooth. Symptoms; dark red, purplish gingival color, gingival recession / enlargement, interruption of teeth, elongation, rotation, swinging, dysfunction, filling of food residues between teeth and into pockets, abscess formation, halitosis, aesthetic disorder. While chronic periodontitis is being treated with non-surgical methods, advanced chronic periodontitis is treated with additional surgical methods. Some systemic diseases such as diabetes and diseases that affect the immune system, stress and smoking factors affect the severity of chronic periodontitis and the response to treatment.

 

AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS

 

It is a less frequent but more severe form of seen periodontitis in young individuals. This may also be hereditary. Individuals are systemically healthy. There are 2 types, local and common. At the local type, gingival clinical symptoms are small, but pocket depth and big amount of bone destruction exists. In the common type, both clinical symptoms are noticeable and bone loss affected more teeth. Treatment is more difficult and more complex than chronic periodontitis.

 

GINGIVAL ABSCESS AND PERIODONTAL ABSCESSES

 

Foreign substances sinking into the gums (toothpicks, fishbone, etc.) can create abscess in the gingiva. Red color, swelling and tenderness are present in the area. In cases with advanced bone resorption and untreated, increasing the number of bacteria in the periodontal pocket may cause periodontal abscesses that affect deeper tissues. It shows symptoms such as pain, swelling, red - purplish color gums , bleeding, purulence flow, bad taste.

 

WHAT CAN WE DO TO IMPROVE TOOTH AND GUM HEALTH?

 

The bacterial plaque should be removed for healthy teeth and gums. This will also be possible through the use of daily dental brushing, dental floss and chemical agents. In addition, regular visits to the dentist (recommended per 6 months) are extremely important. Daily oral care is the least possible the formation of dental stones, but can not completely prevent. Denture cleaning by a dentist; allows the removal of hardened tooth stones from areas that cannot be cleaned by floss and toothbrush. The dentist can teach the patient the right method of tooth brushing and flossing without damaging the gums by making a personal oral care plan.

 

WHICH TOOTHPASTE AND TOOTHBRUSH SHOULD I USE? HOW TO BRUSH MY TEETH?

 

When brushing the teeth, circular movements should be applied parallel to the teeth and gums. During tooth brushing, very light or too strong pressure on teeth or gums should be avoided. The brushing time should be at least 2 minutes. The toothbrush should be renewed every 3-4 months.

 

· The quality and the suitability for the teeth of the toothbrushes are very important. The handle of the toothbrush must be flexible necked and the surface of the brush should be flat, in order to allow a comfortable use. The toothbrush must not be too hard or too soft.

· It is best to consult a dentist when choosing toothpaste.

· Tooth brushing should continue with tongue brushing. Starting from the back areas of the tongue, forward brushing should be done. The tongue cleaning heads, which are specially prepared for tongue brushing and usually located at the top and back of the toothbrushes, can be used for this purpose.

· Floss should be seen as an important part of dental hygiene in daily life, if possible. İf we use regularly dental floss we can clean places which are toothbrushes are not sufficient to reach the teeth between the teeth, cleaning the food residue. Regular cleaning of food residues in this way significantly prevents the formation of dental caries.

· Go to the dentist twice a year and have a general oral examination.......