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The changes that may affect our lives, perhaps the most beautiful emotions in our body, unfortunately, may not always be so beautiful. Although pregnancy is a physiological condition, it may cause pathological changes in the mouth and cause further problems unless these pathological changes are controlled. For this reason, we need to know the changes that occur in our mouth during pregnancy and the more advanced situations that will be caused by them.

 

Some of the physiological changes in our mouth during pregnancy:

 

- Gingiva common gingivitis, excessive redness, bleeding, edema

 

-Regional pregnancy tumor

 

- Increased susceptibility to decay due to increase in acid amount in saliva

 

- Due to the vomiting in the early stages of pregnancy, the formation of acidic environment in the mouth and the consequent abrasion on the teeth

 

Dental problems in pregnant individuals have some risks according to the periods of pregnancy. Pregnancy process is examined in terms of dental treatment in three periods:

 

First period - first trimester(first three months): It is the period when the baby is most sensitive. Therefore, dental treatment should be done only in cases where damage to the baby and mother will occur. Pregnancy tumor usually occurs in the second month in the first trimester and continues until the end of pregnancy. In the first trimester, due to the attachment of the baby to the mother's womb, the low probability of stress in mothers exposed to stress should be taken into consideration. In this period, the baby is sensitive to X-rays should not be taken from the mother should not be taken if a very compelling situation to be taken from the mother to the lead to protect the baby X-rays should be protected

Second period - second trimester (three to six months): It is the most appropriate and most reliable period for the mother to perform dental treatment. Tooth extractions, canal treatments, gingival problems, fillings can be done in this period.

 

Because of these problems, the expectant mother should be checked by a dentist and all teeth and gums in the mouth should be treated. In this period of pregnancy, it is necessary to take X-rays in cases where a film should be taken by wearing a lead apron

 

Third period-third trimester (six to nine months): Factors such as stress and pain that may occur during this period may lead to premature birth. In addition, during this period of time during the dental treatment the patient will lie on his back for a long time, the baby vena cava inferiora will cause pressure to cause blood circulation may be prevented.

 

DRUG USE IN PREGNANCY:

 

It is not preferred to use medication unless it is mandatory in pregnancy. The period when the baby is most sensitive to drugs is between 2 and 12 weeks. However, when the drug is not used, it is necessary to use the drug in case the existing infection or pain complaint causes greater problems in the patient. In this case, the drug should be used to evaluate the pregnancy period and the safety of the drug.

 

Drug categories in pregnancy:

 

Category A: It is determined that the drugs in this category do not cause any harm to the fetus. Folic acid and levothyroxine can be given as an example in the category A drug group

 

Category B: The drugs in this group were found to have no harm in the studies in animals, or it was found to be harmful in animal studies, but it was determined that the study in humans did not cause any harm to the fetus. The drugs in category B include penicillin, cephalosporin, erythromycin

 

Category C: There was a risk in animal experiments, but not in humans. Nifedipine and omeprazole are examples.

 

Category D: It has been determined that the drug has harm to the fetus in the human. 

 

However, the not using of the drug is much more than the harm of the baby to the mother.

 

 

Category X: Fetus damage of the drug is much more than the benefit of the use of the drug. Therefore, the use of these drugs is not recommended. Examples of misoprostol and warfarin can be cited in this category.

 

It is recommended that the mother should not take the drug for the first three months if possible. Because the drug used in this period is much more teratogenic effect on the baby. If the mother needs to take medication; a single drug should be preferred instead of a combined drug; the mother should be given the smallest dose; regional medicine should be used instead of the whole body.

 

ORAL CARE IN PREGNANCY

 

Vomiting seen in the first months of pregnancy, changes in hormones, change in mother's eating habits cause tooth problems, tooth decay and gum problems

 In order to prevent any deterioration of oral health, the expectant mother must be checked by a dentist before the pregnancy, and all the dental treatments that may be a problem to the mother should be performed.

 

If the treatment of dental problems after the beginning of the pregnancy process is not urgent, it should be postponed to the end of the pregnancy. It is safe to perform dental problems that require treatment in the second term, but the pain that occurs outside of the second trimester and the emergency problems causing infection in the body must be treated with the necessary precautions.